Roger Federer

Roger Federer's fundamental needs, values, and orientation towards life are symbolized by the four astrological elements. Each person has their own unique balance of these four basic energies: fire (warmth, inspiration, enthusiasm), earth (practicality, realism, material interests), air (social and intellectual qualities), and water (emotional needs and feelings). Federer's â€Å"elemental make-up† is described below.Remember that most people are â€Å"unbalanced† or lopsided, and if Roger is lacking or deficient in a certain element (or elements), it simply means that he needs to consciously develop that particular aspect in order to appreciate and/or work harder in that dimension of life. Sometimes we overestimate the element that we are least endowed with, sensing it as a lack within ourselves, but more often we neglect or ignore it. The qualities described below will be reiterated and explained in more detail in the following pages.His life is likely to be full of e motional extremes, turbulence, joy and sorrow stemming from his own passionate nature and unpredictability. Roger Federer is impulsive and temperamental. For Roger, everything is intensely personal and colored by emotion. He may have difficulty viewing a situation from a detached, impartial or rational perspective, and he has little inclination to structure and order his life. However, fostering self-discipline, organization and focus is essential.Otherwise Roger Federer will be prone to extreme moodiness, alternating between lofty inspiration and despondency. At times, Roger Federer feels a great deal of internal pressure due to two of his dominant impulses which tend to conflict with one another. The desire for independence and freedom, the need for self-expression and ego recognition, and the urge to leave the past behind in order to propel himself into new experiences may clash with other, equally powerful needs – namely attachments to people and to the familiar, a compel ling urge for emotional closeness, and a desire for security.Balancing these two drives is a significant challenge for Federer. Even though his life may be less balanced and perhaps less stable than that of others, it is unlikely that Roger Federer would change it because he is very vibrant, sensitive and responsive to the ever-changing, dynamic quality of life. However, as you will read in the next chapter, Roger Federer has a sense of practical orientation and a certain down-to-earth approach, which helps to ground him somewhat.

How to Get Your MLA Citation Format Right?

How to get your MLA citation format right Well, the help is right here. When you are asked to write an essay or report in an MLA format, you might be confused how to reference your sources to avoid plagiarism. The MLA citation format is designed by the Modern Language Association, and the latest, 8th edition gives you simple guidelines to follow when providing direct quotes or referring to works you used to write your essay. It is mostly used for liberal arts, literature, and humanities course works. The requirements for in-text citation and reference list have been updated, due to the different types of electronic sources used by students. Find out below how to create a Works Cited page in MLA and avoid plagiarism. How to Format Your MLA Citation: General Guidelines Before you create your Works Cited page in MLA, you need to make sure that you get the order right. The following information is needed on the page in the following order: Author’s name Title of source (book or article Title of journal or collection Other contributors or editors Version number or â€Å"updated† information Number of the publication Publisher’s name Publication date Location of the publication Unlike in other academic formats, such as Chicago and Harvard Manual of Style , the date of the publication is in the very end of the citation. The updated 8th edition MLA style guide has simplified some of the references, so you can easily quote websites and online sources, too.Author’s InformationThe name of the author should be in a surname-first name order. If there is only one author, you need to write their full name, not only the initials, followed by a full stop. If there are two authors, connect their names with an â€Å"and†. If thereTitle PageThe titles of books should be written in Italics, but if you are using a website, the site’s title needs to be in quotes. When citing a journal article in an MLA format, you need to put the article’s title in quotes and the journal’s name (container) in italics. Music track titles should also be cited in italics.Container (collection or journal)As a general rule the container always has to be in Ital ics and title case. This includes the website where you found an article used as a source for your essay.Translation and CommentaryYou need to add this information after the basic (title and container) information, such as: â€Å"Translated by† or â€Å"Explanatory notes written by† followed by the name.Publisher and Publication DateIf you know the version of the source, you add this, followed by the publisher’s name and the date of the publication.Sample MLA Citation:Your MLA references should look like this: Contributors’ names. â€Å"Title of Resource.† Journal Name, Last edited date.In-text MLA CitationsYou can use direct or paraphrased quotations in MLA format. Unlike in APA and Harvard, you will not need to use the date when citing the source, only the name of the author, and the page number if you have taken an idea directly from a source, even if you paraphrased it. As a general rule, if you refer to the author in the same sentence, you will not need to add their name in the MLA format citation again, only the page number. For example, you can write the following sentence: â€Å"Greene claims that â€Å"urban neighbourhoods are declining† (226). You still have to note the page number for direct quotations, without the letter â€Å"p† or a full stop after the page number. If your MLA sources have more than one authors with the same surname, it is recommended that you use their first initial to identify them clearly in in-text citations. If there are two authors, write both of their surnames, and if there are three or more, only write the first author’s surname followed by â€Å"et al.†. When you quote indirect sources, you will need to add â€Å"qtd.in† and â€Å"name of the author† to your MLA citation.What are Parenthetical Citations?Any idea that you take directly from a source is a parenthetical citation, even if you do not quote it word-for-word. You always have to identify the source by page number to avoid plagiarism.What is the Main Change in the 8th Edition MLA Citation Guide?In previous versions, you were required to write web sources in a format that starts with http: or www. In the new version, you do not need to add either, simply start with the web address without the â€Å"www†.How to Format Your MLA Citation Page?You need to write â€Å"Works Cited† centred on the top of the MLA citation page. This is followed by tge alphabetical list of your sources used to write your essay. Order your sources based on authors’ surname. Do not start your source indented, but every second and following line of the same source needs to be indented half an inch. Do not put extra paragraph space between sources. If your Works Cited page is longer than one page, you do not have to use â€Å"Works Cited† on the next pages as a title. How to Check your MLA Referencing is Correct? There are several ways you can make sure that you have your MLA sources listed correctly. You might want to use the simple solution and use Google Scholar for referencing, however, it is not a hundred percent reliable. There are also tools you can use to create your MLA citations, such as citation machine. When you use the tool, you need to make sure that you select MLA 8th edition, as the references are created in 7th edition format as standard. Simply choose the type of source, and add your title and author, so you get your MLA references formatted for you. If you are not sure whether or not you have created the right format of citation or want to make sure you are not accused of plagiarism, and included all your sources, you can get in touch with our experienced academic editors at our site to help you out.Do you need help writing your Dissertation OR Custom Essay? Order Dissertation Today OR Call Now 855-997-2158Summary Article Name How to Get Your MLA Citation Format Right? Description Looking for some help on how to get your MLA citations right, then look no further, a brief guide is here. Author our site – Admin – Laura Publisher Name our site Publisher Logo

Cons Of Abortion Essay

Abortions should be illegalized unless there are special circumstances and appropriate reasoning. One reason is because many people have taken advantage of legal abortions and use it as a form of birth control. Another reason being that killing an unborn is morally wrong and that it’s considered murder. Third, almost all women experience both physical and psychological disabilities whether they’re minor or very serious. An abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by loss or destruction of the fetus before birth. An abortion may be spontaneous or induced. The latter is an act with ethical and legal ramifications. Many women experience physical and psychological complications after they have had an abortion. This leads to complications in their behavior and therefore many consider the care of a psychiatric or physician. Statistics prove that the risks of Physical problems among women who have aborted at least once are high. Approximately 10% of women undergoing abortion will have to suffer immediate abortions and about 2% of them are life threatening. Death is a very serious issue for all women considering abortions. Legal abortion is reported as the fifth leading cause of maternal death . Statistics prove that women who have had an abortion are four times more likely to die in the following year than ones that have carried their pregnancies to term are. Abortion is also clearly linked to a dramatic increase in suicide risk. Between 7 to 30% of all women who have aborted have been reported to attempt suicide. In Canada a study of government funded medical programs showed that 41% of women had to receive psychological treatment after having an abortion. Putting death and suicide aside, there are many other problems that one may have to suffer from. Facing complications in labor and having handicapped newborns. Statistics show that women who have â€Å"aborted once are two to three times more likely to having a pre term delivery† Not only does induced abortions increase the risks of pre- term delivery but also increases the risks delayed delivery. Because abortion is associated with cervical and uterine damage, these are the leading causes of handicapped among newborns. The authors found that â€Å"if a partner is present and not supportive, the miscarriage rate is more than  double and the abortion rate is four times greater than if he is present and supportive. The partner is absent the abortion rate is six times greater.† In total out of 1428 women surveyed, after having aborted, women visited their family doctor 80% more for all reasons possible and 180% of them went for psychosocial reasons. â€Å"Abortion is stressful and emotionally difficult for most women† . As well as having physical problems, more women experience psychological damages. A survey stated that almost eight weeks after having an abortion, 31% of women had regretted the decision. 44% had complained of having nervous disorders, 36% had experienced a loss or disturbances of sleep. Many of these women carry repressed feelings which leads to drug and alcohol abuse. Elliot research institute’s researcher found that women who have aborted their pregnancies are 4 times more likely to get involved with drugs and alcohol. During an interview of 30 women who had aborted, 60% had increased their use or alcohol. Almost 45% of all abortions performed today are repeat abortions. If abortions were illegalized, a large proportion of repeat abortions can be eliminated. Not as many women would have to go through stress and other physical and psychological disorders. Outlawing abortions can reduce many of these common problems among women. The three main that women who have aborted give are, â€Å"having a baby can change my life†, â€Å"If I were to have this baby, it could ruin my career†, or â€Å"My partner and I are currently having problems in the relationship† . When asked public opinion, these reasons are quite selfish. It seems as if when there is no where else to turn, the option of abortion will stand out. Knowing that abortions are permitted and available some take it as the easy ticket out. During the 1970’s, Canada was reported to having one of the highest teenage fertility rates in the world. Among unmarried women, teens have held the highest rate of child bearing in Canada and the United States. As these pregnancy rates have increased, abortion rates had doubled. Between 1975 and  1980 abortion rates have doubled from 20 to 44 abortions per 1000 women who were between the ages of fifteen and nineteen. This shows that many teenagers have been using abortions as a method of contraception to lower their fertility rate. To those whom consider abortion a negative issue say that, â€Å"easy abortion leads to increased promiscuity†; â€Å"Available abortions lead to reduced contraceptive use† . If abortion remains legalized it silently and subconsciously encourage selfish and irresponsible behavior among young women who may consider it as a backup plan incase of pregnancy. Since the abortion law made by the Supreme Court in 1973, teenage abortions had risen very greatly in numbers. Abortion rates for adolescents between the ages of 15 and 19 raised from 244,070 to 448,570. That’s an increase of 84%. For girls under the ages of 15, the rate increased to a total of 31% (11630 to 15240). In 1980’s, there was a decrease in abortion rates. This was due to the fact that the changes in law decreased the number of abortion providers all over Canada. Due to this abortions had decreased by 26% in 1984, 24% in 1989 and 21% in 1991. Looking a little deeper into this, one may come to the consideration that many if not all pregnancies that have been aborted have been due to carelessness in sexual behavior. With the exception of rape, incest or physical harm on the women, the procedure of all abortions should be banned. Many argue that abortion is immoral and it is in the same category as killing an innocent, newborn baby. All life is present from the moment of conception. Fetuses almost look like newborn infants and possess characteristics, such as a genetic code, that are found in all human beings. Anti abortionists say that â€Å"it is always prima facie seriously wrong to take a human life† or â€Å"is it always prima facie seriously wrong to end the life of a baby† . Some say it doesn’t make sense to give rights to a being that would never have psychological traits, but one may argue that new born babies don’t have these traits either, but if they were to be killed after birth, one would get charged. Therefore the argument that a fetus does not  carry psychological traits is a poor one. Other issues which makes killing a fetus wrong is the loss of the victim’s future. This can be supported by the consideration that killing is one of the worst crimes. People who know that they are going to die believe, of course, that dying is a very bad thing. These people know that their premature death is bad because they will miss out on what the future may have had to hold for them . For people who are severely ill and wish to die will not have suffered a loss if the were killed because they know they will have to face a future of pain. Abortion may also be compared to animal rights. Our society has always put humans before animals. Our rights are obviously more important than those of animals are. A couple months ago, two men were arrested because they had slit open the bodies of rats and photographed it saying it was art . Those who perform abortions are killing a living fetus, which will grow up to, possess characteristics much more complex than that of a rat. How can those who perform abortions get away with it and not those who kill rats? Medical science leads to a pro-life perspective rather than a pro-choice perspective. These arguments against abortions are compelling. One being that at conception the embryo is genetically distinct from the mother . It is said that a developing human being is genetically different from its mother because, for one, it is genetically different form the sperm and egg that created it. The DNA of an embryo can be distinguished form the DNA of the sperm and egg that created it. There are other medical arguments supporting the right to life for a fetus. Major one is the definition between life and death. In the past life was defined by the heartbeat. A stopped heartbeat would be a clear indication of death. By the eighteenth day in the womb, a fetus has a heart. If heartbeats were used to define life than all abortions would be outlawed. In the new age, brainwave activity is used to define death. Fetuses develop ECG patterns in their brains at about 40 to 43 after conception. A flat ECG pattern clearly determines death. Using brain wave activity, at least a majority of abortions could be outlawed. A third issue concerning abortions is if the fetus feels pain. Yes a fetus does feel pain. Try poking an infant with a pin, it will immediately pull away and begin to cry. If you tried to do the same with a fetus, it will open its mouth and pull away. This also causes an increase in the heart rate of the human fetus. Many other medical arguments can be used to try and  outlaw abortions. A fetus has unique set of fingerprints, it to is growing and developing, it has the same human like features as we do, and many others. Abortion is a very controversial subject and there are many debates between the pro-lifers and pro-choice’s. The views of the pro-lifers are that abortion should become banned all over hospitals and clinics. Pro- choicer may not agree with this because they argue that if abortions become banned then women will have to get illegal abortions. This is not true because statistics proved that when abortions were banned in Canada the rate had drop. Women who did not need abortions for a real reason did not get them. This brought down abortion rates considerably. If the number of abortions was decreased this will also decrease problems of physical and psychological stress. In conclusion, there are other ways of dealing with the situation of an unwanted pregnancy. The most one may do is give up the baby for adoption. Bibliography 1. Abortion: Choice and Conflict Editor Oliver Trager 2. The Ethics of Abortion Robert M. Baird and Stuart E. Rosenbaum 3. Internet site www.religioustlerance.org/abo_supr.htm 4. Abortion a Positive Decision By Patricia Lunneborg 5. The Big Evasion By Anne Collins 6. Perspectives on abortion By Paul Sachdev 7. Abortion Policies in US and Canada Studies in Public Opinion Edited by Ted G. Jelen

Congruence Model on Palm Inc Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Congruence Model on Palm Inc - Assignment Example The marketing infrastructure is more responsive to Apple’s iPod and Blackberry products.   Palm is going up against some pretty fierce competition. The two major players are Research In Motion (RIMM) and Apple, Inc. (AAPL). To simplify the landscape, let’s say that RIMM’s BlackBerry products dominate the corporate market and Apple’s iPhone line dominate the â€Å"cool† or consumer market.   Smartphone Pre was positioned to be more of a consumer device like the iPhone rather than the corporate space. Although the Palm Pre is a great product the problem is that so is the iPhone. Apple marketing machine, the ecosystem of Apple products and iPhone integrate seamlessly. The iTunes and App Store allow the simplest and most robust media distribution to the iPhone. The result is not a good head to head matchup for the Palm Pre.   Comparing Palm as a company to Apple is not even close. Apple has multiple, fantastic product lines that are thriving and feeding each other (halo effect), where Palm has a single (for the most part) product that is going against the enormous challenging competition.   The Environment variable that has an impact on the organization is two competitive products in the market iPod and BlackBerry.

Aviation in the Global Context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Aviation in the Global Context - Essay Example The first contemporary alliance took place in 1975 when Middle East Airlines went on to form a code sharing agreement with Iberia (Madrid to Beirut). FFP or the first frequent flier program started back in 1980 with Air UK and KLM Royal Dutch Airlines joining hands. The earlier alliances were marked by â€Å"joint flights, maintenance consortia, schedule coordination, ground handling, through fares, management contracts and catering joint ventures. Over time, with the development of computer reservation system (CRSs), early alliances involving joint flights evolved into code-sharing, a popular form of alliance agreement in the 1990s.† (Li, 2000, p. 65) Merger and Acquisition on the other hand was mostly seen in domestic airlines where several small domestic airlines generally came together to form a single body that owing to its size managed to reap of the economies of scale, scope and density. Merger and Acquisition on International scale was not so common owing to the fact t hat in most of the cases cross border ownership is restricted (Giovanni, 2002); as mentioned by Evans (2001) â€Å"non-European Union investors cannot hold a majority stake in any European Union airline.† (Evans, 2001, 234). However in recent times the merger of KLM and Air France with the later taking the main role might be an example that such type of business ventures in not far away (EMCC, 2008, p.1). Furthermore any alliance is incomplete if it fails to get the antitrust immunity (ATI) from the government of the respective country that will enable the cooperation on the financial issues. This paper takes a two way approach to discuss the rationale of airlines adopting a global alliance or Merger and Acquisition strategy (including cross border M&A) with a critical analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the two approaches. The second part of the paper provides a close and critical view of antitrust immunity that is a culmination of freedom, which is provided to vario us

Marketing your own arts event or project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing your own arts event or project - Essay Example In an argument by Bose (2010) the product, promotion, place and price analysis is mandatory. From this information, the marketing plan develops insights on the exact approach to the market in regards to selling the strategy. In terms of marketing a musical event, the four Ps of marketing would provide the target market with the accurate information to the product, the place to which the concert would be held, promotional approaches to be used and the price of tickets. The product in this regard is the music concert. The product in this place is a norm in this market (Kerin, 2012). For this reason, the main act would be accompanied by opening acts from already established artist. The opening acts should have the maximum preference of the target market. The event target teenagers and young adults. For this reason, the opening acts should have at least a minimum of 3-Year dominance in the music industry. To increase the relevance of the product, the main act should provide an analysis on what the audience may expect during the concert. The event main product is selling to the industry a new artist. The music industry is highly trendy considering the numerous shifts in market preferences. For this reason, the use of online modes of promotional would be appropriate. The event would use mega social sites for the promotion of the event. Specifically, the main and opening acts would use their social networks handles to increase the quantity of information provided to the market. The use of the conventional media would also be appropriate. This is based on that the approach offers a wider market reach. Evenson (2011) asserts that the success of promotional strategies is based on how well it achieves the objective of the product. In this case, the objective of the product is to provide a sold out event. The price of the event is directly

Auditing. The series of scandals caused a general crisis of confidence Essay

Auditing. The series of scandals caused a general crisis of confidence in the integrity of the entire system of corporate accoun - Essay Example Thereafter the author described financial scandals as those corporate scandals that involve misappropriation and misuse of money or economic resources. The chronicles of business history are filled with errors related to accounting, judgements, financial management and financial skulduggery. Over the last few decades unscrupulous entrepreneurs have been heavily involved in financial scandals where they allegedly diverted funds from one stated use to another, paid dividends out of borrowed money or capital, traded stocks on the basis of insider information as well as concealed vital information regarding those stocks, practiced creative account thereby altering the company’s records so on and so forth. Auditing failure has been a major concern over the last two decades with case of Enron and WorldCom coming into the limelight. According to Tackett, Wolf and Claypool (2004), a severe distortion in the financial statements that has not been reported in the audit report can be ter med as audit failure. Thus the auditor has committed a serious mistake while conducting the auditing process (Arens, 2002). Normally, auditing failure would not happen if an auditor is abide by the Generally Accepted Auditing Standards despite the fact whether the financial statement is accurate or fair. ... Thirdly, auditing failure occurs when the auditor is lured into committing such frauds by the company. Lastly, auditing failure might occur if the audit officer may commit fraud intentionally because of having some private relationship with the client beyond a certain level which is normally not expected in normal audit between independent parties. The following sections will highlight the integrity in the System of Corporate Accountability thereby commenting on the role of auditors and their effectiveness in the auditing process. The issues which undermine the credibility of audit reports will also be discussed. Thereafter, the changes that have been made in the auditing regulation will be explained followed by an explanation of the corporate governance framework that exists in Parmalat. Henceforth, the issues of audit reporting will be discussed and appropriate conclusions will be drawn. Integrity in the System of Corporate Accountability Corporate accountability is of utmost impor tance in debates around social issues, ethics and businesses (Brenkert, 2004). Accountability generally refers to the reliability and authenticity in the financial accounts reporting related to the financial status of any corporation. Integrity in the corporate accountability system should be maintained in order to reduce fraudulent activity within the financial reporting system. In the latter half of the twentieth century, the social and environmental issues were also brought under the financial accountability making them responsible for the environmental and social records. Linkage between the accountability and the integration of the Corporate Social Responsibility within the businesses helped to take the Business for Social responsibility to greater heights. It

Critical Analysis 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical Analysis 1 - Essay Example Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to prove that Puritan beliefs and lifestyle were necessary for their survival in the new land of America. Using the works of Anne Bradstreet and William Bradford, the reasons why the Puritans fled their homes, the challenges they faced in the New World, and their goals will be investigated. William Bradford believed that God wanted the Pilgrims to establish a new life in the new land, by building a New Jerusalem. Here they would worship freely, without fear, would establish the rule of God’s laws, and would finally be relieved from the tyranny and persecution that had shadowed their entire lives in Europe (Schmidt 10). During their first year in Plymouth Colony, the Pilgrims faced several hardships including diseases, severely cold winter, and the occurrence of daily deaths. However, many of the colonists survived, mainly due to the leadership shown by William Bradford. They hunted wild game, fished, grew grain and corn, and built a settlement; and the following year celebrated the first Thanksgiving (Schmidt 107-108). Along with a group of other young men, Bradford provided excellent leadership for the progress of Plymouth Colony, but their work did not include that of the Church (Doherty 90). The separation of Church and state that is an important element of the American system of democracy, was initiated in this system that was central to the colony’s government. However, the mission of the Puritans was to spread God’s word â€Å"to both Christians and heathens, to comfort the afflicted, and to offer guidance to those with spiritual questions† (Williams: 52). Besides Bradford’s showed Godliness as well as tact in befriending the native Americans. When the settlement started to thrive, Bradford established profitable trade with the local natives. By the next winter, the Pilgrims had regained their health and strength, and had adequate provisions for all including the supply of wild

Earnings Management In Corporate Entities Dissertation

Earnings Management In Corporate Entities - Dissertation Example It would enable the researcher to apply important ideas and concepts in solving a real-life problem and this would inevitably add up to the knowledge base of the topic and subject of earnings management.The research would build on important ideas and research that was carried out on the topic in the past. It would enable the research to undertake a fresh inquiry into the matter of earnings management and get new perspectives and ideas into the topic.Finally, the research is in partial fulfillment of the researcher's Masters Degree. This is a mandatory element and structure for the completion of the Master's Degree program. It is, therefore, being turned in to meet the mandatory requirements of the course.Literature Review This section would undertake a basic inquiry into the fundamental concepts that are going to be discussed and analyzed in the actual research. The section would look at the important variables and elements and what they mean prior to the commencement of the study an d the definition of the methodology to be used.Definition of Earning Management "Earning management occurs when managers use judgment in financial reporting and in structuring transactions to alter financial reports either to mislead some stakeholders about underlying economic performance of the company or to influence contractual outcomes that are based on reported accounting numbers" (Ronen and Yaari, 2011: p26).Basically, a company has targets and that it needs to meet.

Resource Directory Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Resource Directory - Coursework Example Sonya Stanton is the university student academic advisor who provides students with academic advices. He can be contacted through sstanton@argosy.edu. Solutions within this regard are found in 214.459.2203. Karen Wilkerson is the Student Finance Associate Director of Student Finance, and he provides advices regarding disbursement of loans among other financial issues. He can be contacted via kwilkerson@argosy.edu. Solutions within this regard are found in 214.459.2215 (Class Template, 01). The university administration also helps students in changing their personal information or contact. These changes also engulf changes in marital status. Brigit Mattix is the Director of Student Services who helps in ironing students’ personal information issues, and he can be contacted through bmattix@argosy.edu. Solutions within this regard are found in 214.459.2244 (Class Template, 01). Dallas University is an academic institution; thus, students may sometimes need to access library personnel or some academic materials. Jennifer Hostutler is the Learner Support Specialist, and she handles Library and Academic Resource Center; therefore, students with literacy information needs can contact her through jhostutler@argosy.edu. Solutions in the information literacy are found in 214.459.2215. Finally, most of the information in the university is in technology form; thus, students with problems of accessing online information including class site and email should contact the Tech nology support team through campus_support@argosy.edu. Technology problems’ solutions are found in 1.866.848.0776 (Class Template,

Intuit case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Intuit - Case Study Example Through consumer research, intuit is able to understand the particular customer needs, launch improved products and predict future trends in terms of needs of financial products. Having successfully beaten Microsoft in the market for financial software and solutions, this is the time for intuit to further focus on unveiling products which answer the needs of every customer. It becomes the giant in the market this could lead to complacency and relaxation with a net effect of losing its trust among customers. Such tendency among market giants gives way for emerging companies to avail better products and take a share of the market with significant impacts. As such therefore anything could go wrong and for intuit to avoid such a turn of events they should focus more on market research, segmentation and unveiling products for the specific customer segments. The company has extended its product profile to cover also solutions for mobile devices and this expected to lure younger customers to acquire financial solutions. Carrying out successful consumer studies among these young customers requires the company to understand their behavior perfectly. Young consumer would typically share their ideas and opinions on social media thus the company should capitalize on social media channels in trying to gauge research results among this generation of

Growing telecommunication in society Essay Example for Free

Growing telecommunication in society Essay It is clear that growing telecommunication will help increase the effectiveness of business. Some consulting companies can do not need to hire office, to buy expensive equipment. People can stay at home to do your business. they dont need to strictly come to the office. This is much more convenient than ever before. However life is harder. People both yough and old seem to stick to their computer all the time for their work or and for their entertainment. It is true that there are so many things in a computer. People can explore a lot of things. They can easily contact with a friend far away by email, they can know what is happening and even they can go to the market though Internet and there are many other services in the Internet that I cannot count. But the problem is that some people are now addicted to computers and they lose other habits in life. People become stricter because face to face communication is increasingly dwindling. They spend less time to enjoy the beauty of the nature which is very beautiful with alive scenes with sunshine, with fresh air and a variety of things. As a result, human emotion is also reducing. People are not developed fully in mental and physical strength. In addition, as shown recently by research of scientists , sitting in front of computers for long time will affect people health. The eye is seriously affected. The number of myopic people is increasing. Sitting in a place also makes people feel tired and stressed. Beside, the whole society seem to be running in a strict mechanism which is facilitated by the computer system. If there appear a problem, this system will collapse rapidly. It can be easily seen many cases of computer hacking which cause great damage to the society and business, for example the virus love , originated in the Philippines caused great damage on the global scale in the United States and in south east Asia. The power of the damage is very strong.

Reduction of Lead Time by Quick Response Manufacturing (QRM)

Reduction of Lead Time by Quick Response Manufacturing (QRM) Quick Response Manufacturing (QRM) is a strategy which needs to applied throughout the company and whose primary goal is the reduction of lead-time in each and every operation of the company while simultaneously reducing costs and improving quality. QRM can be defined in two contexts: Externally (Customers point of view): QRM means quickly responding to customer needs by designing and producing goods customized to cater those needs. Internally, QRM stresses on reducing the lead times throughout the organization, leading to lower inventory, better quality, reduced cost, and greater responsiveness. QRM uses Manufacturing Critical-path Time (MCT) as the metric for measuring the success of QRM processes. MCT is an extension of the concept of lead-time, which is the time from the receipt of order from the customer till the product is delivered to the customer. There are 2 ways of implementing QRM: one is using large breakthrough improvements and the other is through continuous improvements. QRM was developed by Rajan Suri, a Professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, who is famous for his works on continuous improvement programs. He not only gave the theory but also the practical ways by which QRM could be successfully applied and integrated in the operations of the company. QRM is basically an extension of Time based Competition (TBC), which was a strategy used by Japanese firms in the 1980s. TBCs philosophy is to use speed to gain competitive advantage. QRM is more particular as it is restricted to manufacturing firms only. QRM finds its first foray in history in 1993 with the foundation of the Center for Quick Response Manufacturing at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.[2] In 1995, Rajan Suri published the article Slaying the Beast which put forth some bad policies which were prevalent in manufacturing companies and also offered explanations for the same. This helped QRM gain a lot of recognition and importance.1 The positive response spurred Dr. Suri to con tinue working on this subject and this further led to his consulting businesses in implementing QRM and successfully applying the same in many companies. Since then, the Center for QRM has helped in applying QRM in nearly 180 companies resulting in reduced lead times and increased market shares.2 QRM Principles: Traditional View: Everyone will have to work faster, harder and longer hours, in order to get jobs done in less time. QRM Principle #1: Find whole new ways of completing a job, with the focus on lead-time minimization Its not necessary to work harder, faster and longer hours to complete job earlier. One can focus on finding new ways to complete a job that takes lower time. Most of the time a job spends in a queue instead of in process and traditional approach only look to reduce processing time (touch time) and in QRM focus is on lead-time (total elapsed time) and not just processing time. Out of total lead-time 34 days only 19.5 hours is a touch time so it makes sense that we should focus on whole 34 days. But generally organizations are not designed to focus on lead-time. Mainly because organizations dont recognize the cost of waiting they mainly focus on processing time like one need to reduce batch sizes to reduce waiting time but it will increase number of setups that will increase their processing time which is mostly opposing to company goals. So, Companies need to change their accounting systems and reward systems so that benefits of reduction in lead-time can be measured and rewarded appropriately. Examples of Organizational Waste Due to Long Lead Times: Expediting of hot jobs or late orders: Requires Systems, Air Freight, People, even Top Management time. Production Meetings required to change and update priorities. Overtime costs for trying to speed up late jobs. Time spent by Sales, Planning, and other Departments to develop and update forecasts. WIP and Finished Goods holding costs, including space. Obsolescence of parts made to forecast but not used. Quality problems not detected till much later; lots of rework or scrap. Opportunity for: Order changes or even cancellations. Feature and scope creep. Loss of sales to competition. Sales time devoted to expediting and explaining delays to customer. Complex systems required to manage the dynamic environment. There is one major problem with cost based systems that hinders QRM implementation that is functional structure of an organization. Looking the figure one can see how organizations fell into vicious circle by delaying regular jobs because of hot jobs and then again increase in hot jobs due to insertion of safety time due to delay in regular jobs. This is also called response time spiral. And so the spiral grows. QRM focus on reducing system in time like we do in service industry but this will require substantial reorganization of most of the processes. Basically, we will end up with cellular organizations in shop floor and also in offices and each cell will focus on its customers. The POLCA material control system helps coordinate production across multiple cells. Also, new operating methods such as time slicing are described, to help cells share non-cell resources. Traditional Belief: To get jobs out fast, we must keep our machines and people busy all the time. QRM Principle #2: Strategically plan for spare capacity plan to operate at 80% or even 70% capacity on critical resources. This principle is hard to digest as we believe that we should utilize capacity to its maximum possible value. Any reduction in the same would mean losing out on productive opportunities, resulting in increasing costs. However, by keeping all the machines busy at tall times does not necessarily transform into higher output or higher productivity. We frequently encounter the problems of growing queues due to the presence of a few bottleneck machines and jobs spending a lot of time waiting for resources due to mismanagement. All this ultimately results in increasing the lead time of the jobs which culminates in the increase of the organizational costs, which have been enlisted in the previous table. In the long run, these costs actually prove to be greater than the opportunity costs of not utilizing the spare capacity. Hence, the spare capacity should be considered as a strategic investment that will pay for itself many times over in increased sales, higher quality, and lower total cost s. Traditional Belief: In order to reduce our lead times, we have to improve our efficiencies. QRM Principle #3: Measure the reduction of lead times and make this the main performance measure. Eliminate traditional measures of utilization and efficiency. This is again a measure which is very hard to digest. We always measure the usefulness of any process through its efficiency and utilization. However, the problem with the traditional belief is not that efficiency is not an important measure, but that most measures of efficiency result in increased lead time which ultimately harms the organization. Large batches are used in a lot of companies in a bid to reduce the setup costs. However this very measure results in increasing the lead time which can culminate in the same problems as enlisted in the previous principle. There are numerous examples to show the scope of reduction of lead time in organizations, a prominent one being the case study in Becker (2001) which showed how lead time for a line of spare parts for the oil drilling industry dropped from 40 days to 5 days using reduction of lead time as the main performance measure in a manufacturing cell. QRM says that the quantities as calculated by EOQ are not appropriate and consistent with the goal of reducing lead time as EOQ doesnt consider many costs of large lots like expediting of late orders, overtime cost for trying to speed up late jobs, WIP holding costs including space. Also quality problems are detected much later than with small lots and the amount of rework and scrap generated is also much larger. At the same time, another important point which is missed in EOQ is the lack of responsiveness which occurs when the process is carried out with large lots. Large lots and planning for the same makes it difficult for the organization to respond quickly to change in customer needs. Nor can good lot sizes for QRM be predicted by the MRP system, since it assumes fixed queue times regardless of workload. Hence, in order to reduce the lead times throughout the organization, it is important for everyone in a manufacturing firm, and especially for senior managers, to understand the dynamics of factory operations. The senior managers need to have a broad outlook and decide on the policies of manufacturing and performance measures only after fully understanding the effects of capacity utilization, efficiency measures, and lot sizing policies on lead time. Traditional Versus QRM Views of Capacity and Lot Sizing. Source: QRM and POLCA:A Winning Combination forManufacturing Enterprises in the 21st Century Rajan Suri. The differences between the traditional and QRM views can be observed from the figure given above. Traditional performance measures of utilization and efficiency encourage managers to exploit their resources to the maximum possible value. Production is considered infeasible only when the capacity utilization exceeds their maximize resource utilization, and only think about their capacity limit as a boundary between feasible and infeasible production targets. Also the perception is that larger lot sizes lead to increase in efficiency. However, QRMs focus is solely on reducing lead time, and hence the impact of utilization and lot size on the same is studied. Higher utilization leads to increase in lead time, whereas lead time first decreases and then increases with increase in lot size. It is essential to consider all such manufacturing dynamics in order to come up with a process that minimizes the lead time and thereby costs. Traditional Belief: We must place great importance on on-time delivery performance by each of our departments and our suppliers. QRM Principle #4: Stick to measuring and rewarding reduction of lead times. According to QRM on-time performance is an outcome not a performance measure. Because if on time is considered as performance measure departments will quote longer lead-time to match up with on-time delivery. Again this will result in Response time spiral and results in poor performance of organization. But with QRM, organization will focus on shortening lead-time as a performance measure. In QRM its called QRM Number (measure of lead time reduction). This will eliminates Response Time Spiral and performance of organization will improve. Traditional Belief: Installing a material requirements planning (MRP) systemwill help in reducing lead times. QRM Principle #5: Use MRP for high level planning and coordination of materials. Restructure the manufacturing organization into simpler product- oriented cells. Complement this with POLCA, a new material control method that combines the best of push and pull strategies. MRP systems are of great help in managing material supply and ordering but lead-time cannot be reduced using MRP. MRP should be used on high level planning and coordination not on cell level in a cellular structure implemented by QRM, whereas POLCO can be used to manage material between cells and inside cells. POLCO basically a hybrid of push and pull systems using benefits of both. Traditional Belief: Since long lead-time items need to be ordered in large quantities, we should negotiate quantity discounts with suppliers. QRM Principle #6: Motivate suppliers to implement QRM, resulting in small lot deliveries at lower cost, better quality, and short lead times. This phenomena can be again seen as entering in Response Time Spiral in which if company buys in large batches this makes supplier to have longer lead time and company to order even larger batches. Internal and external incentives like discounts motivate ordering in large batches. The results this can be verified in John Deere where implementation of QRM with suppliers reduced cost and also improved quality with shorter lead-time and batches. Traditional Belief: We should encourage our customers to buy our products in large quantities by offering price breaks and quantity discounts. QRM Principle #7: Educate customers on your QRM program, and negotiate a schedule of moving to smaller lot deliveries at reasonable prices. Not only at the supply side, the small lot concept needs to be applied at the distribution end too. Normally it is the tendency of the sales force to get higher orders by offering quantity discounts. This will again lead to the spiral of increasing lot sizes, both during the process as well as on the procurement side, ultimately leading to lowering of delivery performance. By implementing QRM, a company can reduce its costs manifold which can then be passed on to the customers. There is a need to demonstrate to the customer that the company can deliver high quality at low prices even for small lots, which would be more beneficial both to the company as well as the customer. Thus, the idea of small lots percolates throughout the organization, from top to bottom, as well as throughout the supply chain, from supplier to customer. Traditional Belief: We can implement QRM by forming teams in each department. QRM principle #8: Cut through functional boundaries by forming a Quick Response Office Cell (Q-ROC), which is a closed-loop, collocated, multifunctional, cross-trained team responsible for a family of products aimed at a focused target market segment, and empower the Q-ROC to make necessary decisions. The traditional approach might result in local quality improvements in the respective departments. However, QRM is more concerned with the overall organization than just one department. The requirement is to cut the overall lead time for manufacturing as well as office operations for which Q-ROCs are more appropriate. Such Q-ROCs result in significant reduction of lead times for jobs such as cost estimating, quoting, and order processing. Closed-loop implies that the team would be self-sufficient in dealing with all the problems related to reducing lead time. This implies cutting across functional boundaries and changing the reporting structures to ensure the success of the process. Needless to say, this team needs to be given power in order to make the decisions as reducing lead time is the primary goal of the organization. The best example would be that of Ingersoll Cutting Tool Company, in Rockford, which reduced its engineering and order processing time for customized cutters fro m 10 days to half a day after implementing QRM principles. However, QRM should not be considered as an application of Reengineering as by using principles of system dynamics in the design of Q-ROCs, providing specific engineering and management principles for manufacturing organizations, plus by changing management principles and performance measures and adopting a company-wide approach, QRM goes much deeper than Reengineering. Traditional Belief: The reason for implementing QRM is so that we can charge our customers more for rush jobs. QRM Principle #9: The reason for embarking on the QRM journey is that it leads to a truly productive company with a more secure future. Also, lower cost/price, higher quality and shorter lead times result in highly satisfied customers. Charging more for speedy response is sustainable only in the short-term. In the long run, it is quality which differentiates a product from its competitors, and the same purpose is served by QRM. Searching for ways of squeezing time out uncovers quality problems and wasted efforts. Changing policies and adopting measures to rectify the same results in higher quality, lower WIP, less overhead, lower operating costs, and greater sales. The QRM Approach yields even better results than Lean Manufacturing as it ignores the wastes caused by long lead times. QRM takes the goal of waste reduction to the next level, creating an even leaner enterprise that will remain a formidable competitor for years to come. Traditional Belief: Implementing QRM will require large investments in technology. QRM Principle #10: The biggest obstacle to QRM is not technology, but mindset. Management must recognize this and combat it through training. Next, companies should engage in low-cost or no-cost lead time reductions, leaving expensive technological solutions for a later stage. As we have seen in many quality improving methodologies like Six Sigma, House of Quality the most important factor in the success of these initiatives is their acceptance by all the members of the organization; and QRM is no different. Realigning of all employees, from the shop floor to the boardroom, from desk workers to senior managers, to the QRM principles is a pre-requisite for the success of QRM, and hence training gains significance. Normally, performance measurement is tied to the cost accounting system which is an impediment to the successful implementation of QRM. Performance measurement must be aligned with the principles of QRM if the company has to benefit from the same. In a nutshell, the following points can be summarized about Quick Response Manufacturing: It requires measurement and efforts to minimize the metric, Manufacturing Critical-path Time (MCT), which is defined as the typical amount of calendar time from when a customer creates an order, through the critical-path, until the first piece of that order is delivered to the customer. This can be measured using the QRM number. Some changes in the structure of the organization are necessary to ensure the success of QRM. It basically requires the strategy of the organization to change from cost-based to entirely time-based with full emphasis on lead time minimization. Functional to Cellular:Cellular manufacturing is a pre-requisite of QRM as the cells yield greater flexibility in manufacturing. Top-down Control to Team Ownership:QRM requires the formation of closed-loop, cross-functional teams which need to be given complete power for monitoring the processes. Specialized Workers to a Cross-trained Workforce:Since the success of the process requires reduction in lead times across all the departments, there is a need to provide proper training to the workers so that they can perform multiple tasks and have a broader outlook. Efficiency/Utilization Goals to Lead Time Reduction:The evaluation parameters, performance measures have to shift from the traditional accounting measures to the goal of lead time reduction. The following steps need to be implemented in the organization so that QRM is a success: Creating a QRM mindset: The most important part is to make people realise the advantages of QRM over the previous measures i.e. the wastes created due to long lead time which are even ignored in Lean Manufacturing. Thereafter, a high-level QRM Steering Committee needs to be formed to oversee the QRM efforts. Also, like Six Sigma,by providing QRM training, some employees can be made QRM champions who can then be entrusted with the responsibility of the projects on a daily basis. Changing of organizational structure: Cross-functional planning team are formed to study feasible projects to which QRM can be applied. This would require the management to indulge in a detailed analysis of various consideration like Manufacturing Critical PathTime, product volumes, needs relating to strategy and other factors. Thereafter, QRM cells are formed and training and cross-training is provided to the operators in these cells by an implementation team which consists of members in the new cell as well as planning team members. Measurement of MCT is done to monitor lead time. Including of system dynamics: QRM requires going through the policies on utilization and efficiency in order to determine the proper loading of the cells. It also calls for making provisions for spare capacities and reduction in the batch sizes in order to reduce the lead time. Enterprisewide expansion of QRM: The process would typically begin with a single project. If the project is a success, its results need to be conveyed to all the members of the organization and more projects need to be undertaken based on QRM principles. QRM should not be restricted to the organization alone but should be extended through the entire supply chain. E.g. the suppliers should also be motivated to inculcate and apply the principles of QRM which would have mutual benefits for both parties. POLCA: The Material Control System for QRM: POLCO is Paired-cell Overlapping Loops of Cards. To implement this system the company need to create cells of the production process focusing on subsets for similar parts and then it processes a given customer order through differing cells depending on the needs of that order. High Level MRP is used to provide high level planning and coordination of materials from external suppliers and across these internal cells. But cells are managed individually. To explain POLCO we can take an example of a shop floor. Assume P1 focuses on color printing and P2 on black white printing after which we have three Formatting Cells, F1, F2 and F3, which convert the printed sheets into reports with the desired pages. After formatting comes binding operation, which include punching holes and notches, cutting the sheets, and bending, A1 to A4. Finally, all orders go to the Shipping Cell S1, where the packaged plates are placed in shipping containers and then loaded onto carts. The material control system used is POLCA where High Level MRP and a cellular organization is a prerequisite. In this case all Release times are created with the help of High Level MRP. But even after authorization of POLCO work will not begin until all conditions are met. POLCO cards are used to communicate and control the material movement between cells. As Figure shows the POLCA card flows for a particular order at any organization based on initial design. This orders routing takes it from P1 to F2, then to A4 for binding, and finally to S1 to be shipped. This order will therefore proceed through the POLCA card loops with the pairs P1/F2, F2/A4 and A4/S1. If cell P1 has a job authorized that is going to F3 next, then a P1/F3 card must be available at P1 in order for it to begin that job. If a P1/F3 card is not available, that means that there is a bottleneck at F3 and working on that job will only add to the work-in-process at F3. Instead, it would be better for P1 to put its resources into a job that is needed by another cell that is not backlogged. So the cell team at P1 skips the P1/F3 job for now, and looks at the next authorized job to see if a card is available for that job, and so on. Differences from KANBAN: POLCO cards only control flow between cells not within. POLCA cards are not product specific but they are specific to particular pair of cells. POLCO cards are used as capacity signal whereas Kanban is used as inventory signal. As return of POLCA card from a downstream cell signals that the cell has available capacity. Benefits yielded by POLCA: POLCA helps in managing short-term fluctuations in capacity and also assists in reducing congestion on the shop floor. If a POLCA card from a downstream cell is not available, it means that that cell or some other cell further downstream is backlogged with work. Hence it does not make sense allocating further work to that particular job, without replanning of resources, as this will only increase inventory in the system since somewhere downstream there is a lack of capacity to work on this job. A better alternative would be to use this cell for some other job during the time being. POLCA cards flow in longer loops which allows the production to respond to changes in demand or differences in the complexities of jobs. The additional jobs in the loop can act as a buffer to absorb variations in demand and product mix which makes it highly suitable to meet the needs of responsiveness. On the contrary, the pull system stresses on achieving constant takt times throughout the organization, ignoring the fact that a variety of products will require different manufacturing times. Benefits of Quick Response Manufacturing: Product Leadership: The main objective of QRM is to minimize lead times. By implementing QRM, a company attains many beneficial and competitive advantages. Benefits of Quick Response Manufacturing: Product Leadership: QRM enables a firm to have shorter time to market. Thus a firm can reach out to customers with the latest technology while competitors play catch-up. There are two ways of looking at it. The first is that a given point of time a firms product would be superior to that of its competitor. Another point of view is that since a firm has shorter lead time it can deliver technology that is openly available to the market much earlier. Thus, the firm can skim the market due to its superior product. This can be depicted on a time line . Lower working capital: Lower lead times permit companies to have lower raw material and finished goods inventory. As a result the working capital requirement is decreased. This places the firm in a better strategic position to utilise their resources and capital. Better position to increase market share: The lower lead times increase the firms responsiveness to opportunities in the environment. This increased responsiveness helps the firm attract customers and increase its market share. Increased inventory turns: Since the production system is triggered by demand, smaller batches are produced, inventory decreases, and the number of inventory turns increases. Many inefficient producers have substantial amounts of capital tied up in inventory; therefore, their inventory turns are low. Reducing the cost of quality by minimising rework: Cellular manufacturing places more responsibility and accountability on specific production teams. This results in specialization which inherently increases the quality of the product. It is much easier to pinpoint defects since the problems are directly traceable to certain teams or members. This has a positive impact on the quality of products. Cost Reduction: QRM aims at finding opportunities to improve the existing process. This results in lower operating costs. Using QRM, companies are able to save, in some cases, up to 25% of total operating costs by solving problems before they happen. Increasing Long Term competitiveness: QRM ultimately aims at enhancing the long term competitiveness of the team. The above mentioned benefits are only the stepping stones in the right direction. The enhanced competitiveness of the firm ensures that is objective of enhancing shareholder value is fulfilled. Issues of Quick Response Manufacturing: Increased reliance on suppliers: QRM requires a strong relationship with ones raw material suppliers and partners. To react to demand, a manufacturing firm must closely partner with suppliers that will quickly accommodate the firms production schedule. However, if the supplier cannot provide raw materials due to problems such as quality assurance/control, equipment repair or union labour, the manufacturing firm may not be able to meet customer requirements. This could result in stock outs and backorders. Change Management: It can be very difficult to implement QRM in a manufacturing environment. QRM is a business enabling philosophy that works top-down and therefore, changes the roles and responsibilities of the employees. Traditional roles, from lower levels through upper management, are drastically modified and the corporate infrastructure is typically altered. Employees can be extremely apathetic to these changes, which is a barrier that could significantly hinder the implementation process and the success of QRM. To implement QRM, companies must have representation from all functions i.e line and support functions (production, planning, purchasing, engineering, manufacturing, quality, finance and human resources) to facilitate the implementation. All functional areas need to buy-in to QRM philosophy to successfully implement such a major change in the way the firm does business. What Differentiates QRM from Lean? First and foremost is the QRM mindset: the driver for all the principles and strategies in QRM is reduction of lead time. This time-based mindset results in many operating policies that are different from traditional ones. In contrast the driver in JIT/Lean is waste reduction. Although the business press has been talking about the importance of lead time reduction, or speed, for over a decade, we find that most companies still lack the knowledge and the tools to effectively reduce their lead times. Worse still, policies are in place that are lengthening, rather than shortening, lead times. QRM devotes a substantial amount of effort in educating management and workers on why these traditional policies result in long lead times, and in showing them the QRM principles that must be put in place instead. QRM is a companywide strategy. While the original implementation of JIT/Lean at Toyota may well have encompassed the whole company, most Western implementations of JIT/Lean have focused on manufacturing and materials management. In many cases, JIT/Lean has been interpreted even more narrowly as merely implementing a pull system with kanban cards. In contrast, QRM clarifies at the outset that it is a companywide strategy with implications far beyond the shop floor, and principles for other company areas, such as, office operations, are clearly presented as part of the QRM philosophy. QRM provides rational principles and tools for lead time reduction. QRM uses an understanding of system dynamics, and exploits this understanding to define the best structures and policies that will reduce lead times. QRM begins by educating employees and giving them insight into these system dynamics. This then helps justify, to management and workers, the need for changes in policies. State-of-the-art analysis tools such as the MPX software package incorporate this analysis of system dynamics and help to derive the specific changes needed and to quantify the benefits that would be achieved. For companies making a large variety of products with variable demand, as well as for companies making highly engineered products, the JIT/Lean strategy of pull is either wasteful or breaks down altogether. For such companies, QRM provides an alternati

Duties and responsibilities of a cabin crew

Duties and responsibilities of a cabin crew IN-FLIGHT MODULE Cabin crew is primarily aboard an aircraft for the safety and welfare of the passengers and for their comfort. If there were no services of food or drink during a flight, there would still have to be a minimum presence of cabin crew for safety, which is a legal requirement. (essence-learning.com, 2014) The role can be physically and emotionally demanding. Cabin crew are expected to deal with all passengers diplomatically, even when feeling the effects of travelling through time zones and spending extended periods of time on their feet. (targetjobs, 2014) Some of these roles include supplying passengers with newspapers, magazines and in-flight amusement, checking the state and provision of emergency equipment and information for passengers, demonstrating emergency equipment and safety procedures administering first aid and dealing with emergencies, greeting passengers as they board and exit the plane, showing passengers to their seats and providing special attention to certain passengers, such as the elderly or disabled and producing written flight reports after completing a journey. (targetjobs, 2014) As cabin crew, their responsibilities are to greet the passengers as they board the aircraft, direct them to their seats and ensure that the entire luggage is safety stored away in the overhead cabins. Once all the passengers are on board then the cabin crew demonstrate the emergency procedures whilst the plane is preparing for takeoff. During a flight thecrew membersassist passengers, make calls on behalf of the captain, serve food, drinks and sell duty free goods. (essence-learning.com, 2014) In case of emergencies, cabin crews are there to reassure passengers so that they follow the correct emergency procedures. The crew may have to deal with several emergencies such as cabin fires or first aid situations. At the end of a flight cabincrew membersare there to make sure that passengers disembark the aircraft safely. Thecrew membersare then asked to complete a written report that records all details of the flight. (Essence-Learning.com, 2014) Cabin crew also make periodic announcements to passengers about flight conditions and arrival times. They also make sure that passengers with special needs are cared for in an appropriate manner. (anon, 2014) The chain of command on any aircraft is; Captain First officer Cabin Manager Flight Attendant The overall responsibility for the safe operation of an aircraft and the safety of its passengers lies with the Captain, but you as operating crew are responsible to the Captain in being capable through your flight attendant training to be able to fulfill your safety responsibilities. (flight-attendant-careers.com, 2014) Within the cabin crew job market, airlines employ a vast number of people into cabin crew support roles. These support positions provide a great way to gain cabin crew experience, and learn about how the airline industry works. (cabincrew.com, 2014) Many airport-based ground staff performs these support roles. Jobs in the industry which fall into the category of cabin crew support include crew planning, crew control, human resources and crew training. There is a great deal of planning and scheduling work that goes into flights, so administration staff will be on hand to assist at pre-flight briefings, ensuring air cabin crew are being correctly assigned their working positions, and understand any changes to how the flight will be managed. (cabincrew.com, 2014) Airlines frequently use codes in the form of abbreviated words or letters. This list covers some of the most frequently used words. The following computer codes are used in messages from airlines: CHNT – Change Name To ETA – Estimated Time of Arrival FLTFO – Flight Info HTL Hotel MCO – Miscellaneous Charge Order NOSH – No show OW One-way PNR – Passenger Name Record RCFM Reconfirm SPAV – Space Available SSR – Special Service Request TKT Ticket WCHR Wheel Chair FLY Finley in Australia EVE Evenes in Norway TOY Toyama in Japan DAY Dayton in Ohio, United States NYC New York City AVML – Asian Vegetarian Meal BBML – Infant/ Baby Food CHML – Child Meal DBML – Diabetic Meal FPML – Fruit Platter Meal SFML – Seafood Meal Types of duties cabin crew may have to undertake cabin crew seat and working position; roster duty example stand-by duty. There are two types of standby, Home reserve and Airport reserve. Home reserve means that you are on standby at home ready to take a call on your mobile phone or landline from flight scheduling that may assign you a flight or upgrade your status to field reserve. Field Reserve on the other hand, means that you are on standby but in the flight operations building at the airport with your flight handbag, trolley and suitcase, ready to be assigned any flight that needs to be covered. Duties before the pre-flight briefing include, checking roster and updates, check health, safety and security notices, check flight details (crew names, crew positions, departure gate, and aircraft registration. Importance of time keeping prior to a pre-flight briefing: to be prepared; consequences of late arrival example cabin crew offloaded from other flights, late departure of aircraft, disciplinary action. (anon, 2014) Elements of a pre-flight briefing include introduction to the crew, operating positions and responsibilities, uniform standards checked, aircraft information, health, safety and security memos, updates and notices read and understood, order of bar, meal and duty-free service and Safety and Emergency Procedures (SEP) scenario questions. (anon, 2014) Elements of post-flight briefing include reconciliation paperwork for bars and monies handed in, flight paperwork completed and filed example cabin defects reported and flight evaluation. (anon, 2014) Receive and relay safety equipment and procedures (SEP) during a pre-flight briefing include respond to Safety and Emergency Procedures (SEP) scenario questions example safety, security, in-flight medical care, location of emergency equipment, respond in a timely manner, with composure and professional attitude. (anon, 2014) Complete documentation relating to a pre-flight briefing in readiness for the flight include flight detail form (crew names and signatures, rest and duty hour, number of crew bags, equipment and security checks completed), toilet servicing form. (anon, 2014) The importance of timekeeping includes, being prepared, consequences of late arrival example offloading of crew, late departure of aircraft. Personal presentation: on and off duty and during stopovers, uniform standards, dress code for training and stopovers, adhering to grooming standards, professionalism, personal appearance, importance example creating a positive organizational image, maintaining organizational standards. (anon, 2014) Importance of task management and prioritization of tasks include routine and non-routine tasks, prioritize tasks in order of importance, and prioritize tasks in order of legal and regulatory requirements. (anon, 2014) Customer relationship management: following company procedures and industry standards; providing excellent customer service; ensuring passenger welfare; importance example to keep customers, to reward loyal customers, to attract new customers. (anon, 2014) References http://www.flight-attendant-careers.com/flight-attendant-training.html http://www.essence-learning.com/blog/duties-and-responsibilities-of-a-cabin-crew http://targetjobs.co.uk/careers-advice/job-descriptions/277171-airline-cabin-crew-job-description http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/airport_code.htm http://www.edexcel.com/migrationdocuments/BTEC%20Specialist%20Qualifications/BA025387-BTEC-L2-Introduction-to-Cabin-Crew-spec.pdf

Essay --

Family is known to be the foundation of society, but family can also be a source of anger, grief and duplicity and animosity; cohabitation and dating relationships can also be a source of grief. No one should live in fear of the person they love, however, when love becomes interwoven with violence, the dynamic of the relationship changes. The relationship atmosphere becomes less powerful, incapable of providing support and a nurturing environment as it becomes a vehicle for personal destruction and despair. Intimate partner violence was consider at one point to be a private matter, however, it is now a public concern. In fact, people involvement in a single case of IPV-physical, sexual and psychological abuse-includes mental health and legal professionals and community members (Witte, Schroeder and Lohr, 2006). Texas defines domestic violence as â€Å"an act by a member of a family or household against another member of the family or household that is intended to result in physical harm, bodily injury, assault or sexual assault or that is a threat the reasonably places the member in fear of imminent physical harm, bodily injury, assault or sexual assault, but does not included defensive measures to protect oneself† (Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2013). Domestic violence (DV), also known as intimate partner violence (IPV), spousal abuse or battering, is a widespread problem across the medical, social, and public health arena Houry, Feldhaus, Perry, Abbott, Lowenstein, Al-Bataa-De-Montero, and Levine (2004). Health-related costs of physical assault, marital rape, stalking, and homicide by intimate partners exceed $5.8 billion yearly, which is nearly $4.1 billion of which goes to direct medical and mental health services (Fantuzz... ...clusion, domestic violence registry does not guarantee accountability because not all domestic violence cases are reported. Thus, abusers are not convicted, therefore, would not be included in the registry. Since not all domestic violence cases are reported or convicted, that would make the registry incomplete, thus providing a false sense of security if a spouse’s, boyfriend’s or girlfriend’s name is not on the list. However, HB 21 could be extended into jurisdiction database. This way it can protect victim by ensuring that survivor’s do not have to live in fear worrying that their partners’ will come after them. The database should not allow the offender to upgrade their information but the system should be in the way as a parole officer is to their parolee whereby, only the officers of the law can access the database to make changes in an offenders’ information.

Reading :: essays research papers

For as long as I can remember, I've loved to read: short stories, fiction, nonfiction sometimes, even philosophy if nothing else were available. This term I've been given more reading assignments than I can ever remember having to deal with. This term has been extra special because we studied no less than three types of literature: short stories, poetry, and drama. While I was in high school, a short story was a book with less than three hundred pages. This term I learned that even though a short story may be only a few pages long, there are chapters of interpretation, ambiguity, and symbolism to understand. In "The Lottery" by Shirley Jackson, I found a story teeming with so much symbolism that I had to read the story twice before I understood half of it. In "Araby" by James Joyce, I learned to look deeper than just the surface of the original wording to find new meanings to the story. Poetry, on the other hand, has been like a curse to me. I felt as if I were out of my depth when forced to read it. I could read the words, but comprehension was beyond me. Then, just last week I discovered poetry is indeed a foreign language. "I've always picked up languages easily," I thought. I then knew that all I had to do was translate the dead language of poetry into terms I could understand, then, with a blinding flash, comprehension dawned. E.E. Cummings is really just a dirty old man. Carlos Williams is a political activist, and Dylan Thomas is incredibly grief stricken about the loss of some loved one. The emotions of the poems were almost too overwhelming to deal with. Once I was told that as we evolve, so to does our language. I thought my teacher had been in the sun too long when she told me that. But when I started reading works by William Shakespear, I found just how right she was. The writings of Shakespear also have the added benefit of being like poetry. For me drama is tedious, boring, and too hard to keep track of.

Involvement Of K+ In Leaf Movements During Suntracking :: essays research papers

Involvement of K+ in Leaf Movements During Suntracking Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many plants orient their leaves in response to directional light signals. Heliotropic movements, or movements that are affected by the sun, are common among plants belonging to the families Malvaceae, Fabaceae, Nyctaginaceae, and Oxalidaceae. The leaves of many plants, including Crotalaria pallida, exhibit diaheliotropic movement. C. pallida is a woody shrub native to South Africa. Its trifoliate leaves are connected to the petiole by 3-4 mm long pulvinules (Schmalstig). In diaheliotropic movement, the plant’s leaves are oriented perpendicular to the sun’s rays, thereby maximizing the interception of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). In some plants, but not all, his response occurs particularly during the morning and late afternoon, when the light is coming at more of an angle and the water stress is not as severe (Donahue and Vogelmann). Under these conditions the lamina of the leaf is within less than 15 ° from the normal to the sun. Many plants that exhibit diaheliotropic movements also show paraheliotropic response as well. Paraheliotropism minimizes water loss by reducing the amount of light absorbed by the leaves; the leaves orient themselves parallel to the sun’s rays. Plants that exhibit paraheliotropic behavior usually do so at midday, when the sun’s rays are perpendicular to the ground. This reorientation takes place only in leaves of plants that are capable of nastic light-driven movements, such as the trifoliate leaf of Erythrina spp. (Herbert 1984). However, this phenomenon has been observed in other legume species that exhibit diaheliotropic leaf movement as well. Their movement is temporarily transformed from diaheliotropic to paraheliotropic. In doing so, the interception of solar radiation is maximized during the morning and late afternoon, and minimized during midday. The leaves of Crotalaria pallida also exhibit nyctinastic, or sleep, movements, in which the leaves fold down at night. The solar tracking may also provide a competitive advantage during early growth, since there is little shading, and also by intercepting more radiant heat in the early morning, thus raising leaf temperature nearer the optimum for photosynthesis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Integral to understanding the heliotropic movements of a plant is determining how the leaf detects the angle at which the light is incident upon it, how this perception is transduced to the pulvinus, and finally, how this signal can effect a physiological response (Donahue and Vogelmann).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the species Crotalaria pallida, blue light seems to be the wavelength that stimulates these leaf movements (Scmalstig). It has been implicated in the photonastic unfolding of leaves and in the diaheliotropic response in Mactroptilium atropurpureum and Lupinus succulentus (Schwartz, Gilboa, and Koller 1987). However, the light receptor involved can not be determined from Involvement Of K+ In Leaf Movements During Suntracking :: essays research papers Involvement of K+ in Leaf Movements During Suntracking Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many plants orient their leaves in response to directional light signals. Heliotropic movements, or movements that are affected by the sun, are common among plants belonging to the families Malvaceae, Fabaceae, Nyctaginaceae, and Oxalidaceae. The leaves of many plants, including Crotalaria pallida, exhibit diaheliotropic movement. C. pallida is a woody shrub native to South Africa. Its trifoliate leaves are connected to the petiole by 3-4 mm long pulvinules (Schmalstig). In diaheliotropic movement, the plant’s leaves are oriented perpendicular to the sun’s rays, thereby maximizing the interception of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). In some plants, but not all, his response occurs particularly during the morning and late afternoon, when the light is coming at more of an angle and the water stress is not as severe (Donahue and Vogelmann). Under these conditions the lamina of the leaf is within less than 15 ° from the normal to the sun. Many plants that exhibit diaheliotropic movements also show paraheliotropic response as well. Paraheliotropism minimizes water loss by reducing the amount of light absorbed by the leaves; the leaves orient themselves parallel to the sun’s rays. Plants that exhibit paraheliotropic behavior usually do so at midday, when the sun’s rays are perpendicular to the ground. This reorientation takes place only in leaves of plants that are capable of nastic light-driven movements, such as the trifoliate leaf of Erythrina spp. (Herbert 1984). However, this phenomenon has been observed in other legume species that exhibit diaheliotropic leaf movement as well. Their movement is temporarily transformed from diaheliotropic to paraheliotropic. In doing so, the interception of solar radiation is maximized during the morning and late afternoon, and minimized during midday. The leaves of Crotalaria pallida also exhibit nyctinastic, or sleep, movements, in which the leaves fold down at night. The solar tracking may also provide a competitive advantage during early growth, since there is little shading, and also by intercepting more radiant heat in the early morning, thus raising leaf temperature nearer the optimum for photosynthesis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Integral to understanding the heliotropic movements of a plant is determining how the leaf detects the angle at which the light is incident upon it, how this perception is transduced to the pulvinus, and finally, how this signal can effect a physiological response (Donahue and Vogelmann).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the species Crotalaria pallida, blue light seems to be the wavelength that stimulates these leaf movements (Scmalstig). It has been implicated in the photonastic unfolding of leaves and in the diaheliotropic response in Mactroptilium atropurpureum and Lupinus succulentus (Schwartz, Gilboa, and Koller 1987). However, the light receptor involved can not be determined from

Popular culture Essay

Reg Mombassa and Keith Haring are two well-known artists who both represent the pop-art movement. Keith Haring began producing art in New York in 1980 by drawing on subway advertising boards. He felt that this was a good way for him to be able to express his work to the public. New Zealand born Chris O’Doherty has been producing pop-art under the name of Reg Mombassa since about 1980. His earliest works became famous on the t-shirts of a well known Australian surf brand, Mambo. Haring’s â€Å"Best Buddies†, produced in 1990, is very simple, two-dimensional and brightly coloured. Made from a silkscreen print, its simplicity is intended to attract attention and instantly convey the message that friendship is good. The figures have no obvious sex or race, which puts forward the message that friendship is for anyone and everyone. In contrast, Mombassa’s interpretation of the biblical scene of â€Å"The Temptation† is highly detailed with strong colours, and conveys many complex messages. The most obvious message is that of today’s temptation of material objects, represented by the toaster, and the violence and crime for solving society’s problems, which is represented by the gun. This ‘Garden of Eden’ is set in Australia’s outback, showing that Mombassa’s main influence is Australian society. Each artwork is conveying its own strong social comment, and presenting it in different ways. Haring has used bright, bold colours and dark lines to put forward the message of the vitality of friendship, through two unidentifiable abstract figures. This means that Haring has left the responder to decide what race and sex the figures are, reinforcing the point that these factors are not important when choosing your friends. This is in comparison with Mombassa’s detailed image of a well known biblical scene, using strong colours and a slightly more realistic overall picture. The simplicity of Haring’s artwork conveys the social message instantly,  where as Mombassa’s artwork requires the responder to study and analyse the detail and hidden messages behind the image. Haring created his simple artwork for the fast-paced lifestyle for the general public in the city New York. The image is easy and quick to absorb and therefore is more greatly appreciated by the busy day-to-day viewers. The more leisurely lifestyle of Australia in the nineties was able to take time to appreciate the complexity of Mombassa’s detailed artwork. Due to this, it was easier for the public to deconstruct the many messages hidden throughout the artwork. Both artists have been able to reach the masses through t-shirts and other publicly exposed works and have become well accepted by the general public. Their work has served to influence many people with the message that they portray and have become part of every day life. Their art has been worn on t-shirts by people all over the world for decades.

Business Intelligence with Data Mining

agate line newsworthiness operation with makeing digging Abstract Banking and pay worlds ar ripening very fast in this globalisation era. Mergers, acquisitions, globalization draw make these creative activitys braggart(a)ger. No doubt, the info excessively grow re on the wholey wide and more than varied. Big information storage much(prenominal) as info wargonho map and information marts argon provided to chip in a solution on big entropy storage. On the early(a) sides, those selective information be needful to be submitd. railway line lore fin eachy comes in as a solution in analyzing those huge information. Business intelligence especially with entropy digging chamberpot bring on a solution in further finality fashioning.With various dents and proficiencys, selective information tap has been proven in umpteen aspects of melodic line. Hidden informations that stored at bottom both info wargonho implement or information marts imp ressionlife be pull ined easily. In example, those apart(p) informations argon grocery and delivery trens, competitor trends, competitive price, estimable harvestings and serve and to a fault kindle provide fall in node alliance trouble. on that point is becalm unmatchable benefit in trading intelligence with entropy dig that this root for induce boil down on, i. e. as sound out gravel intercoursement and frauds and departurees pr stilltion. ace of crop from banking and pay institutions is quote loans.It is rattling a high schooler(prenominal) risk stock, exclusively with worry intelligence with entropy mining especially mixed bag and clustering techniques, it squirt be retained and implemented safely and of course with depleted risks, minimized frauds and losses and additiond pelf and grosss. Keywords Banking and pay, Business cognizance, entropy excavation, guess copement, ascribe Loans Introduction Banking and finance instituti ons ar exploitation rapidly nowa days. For one institution, thither ar more than one offices or branches in one country or even in several(predicate) country.Globalization, mergers, acquisitions, contests, grocery changes are some of the reasons behind why are they growing fast. As those banking and pay institutions grow, so do the data. In this case, banking and pay institutions in all probability have much more data than other institutions. Every single node or people has one or more accounts in one institution or more. The challenge is how to deem those data easily, how to make good death among those data, how to relieve oneself good product for nodes and how to retain good guests that laughingstock bring much more wampums and incr assuagement revenues.For those that sewer non maintain data and make a closing for further movement without analyze the data onwards get out mystify it hard to be success or even lose in competition with other banking and pa y institutions. rough of disc anywhere success factors in banking and finance institutions, such as 1. Customer satisfaction level-headed guest anxiety and good product are the tell to satisfy client. If the institution could manage the guest well and draw out good product that discharge crap benefit to both sides then it leave behind guarantee customer bequeath be very satisfied. 2. Customer loyalty There is no guarantee that satisfied customers go away be loyal.Strategies and tactics are needed to retain those customers. 3. Increased profit & revenue Similar with production line organisation institutions, gaining profit and amplification revenue are the just about valuable thing. 4. Minimal risk With many a(prenominal) customers, banking and finance institutions need to analyze the risks that probably could happen. non all of customers are good customer. tosh or loss might happen. 5. training for new foodstuffs to increase customer Markets are changing r apidly. Winning the competition style winning the customer. Offered products are the key here such as higher interest, kick admin cost etc. 6. Efficiency of operationsSince banking and finance institutions have several branches and many customers, the challenge is to make operations in routine transactions become efficient. Problems in Banking and Finance Institutions Similar with other institutions in melodic phrase, banking and finance institutions also have some of problems in their lineage. under are some of those problems 1. disjunct data instance entropy are separated through branches all over the place. The banking and finance institution go out distinguish it hard to collect and analyze the data. This will also carry on in finis making beca work ending should be made aft(prenominal) analyzing all of the data. . High risk Banking and finance institutions have many customers and not all of those customers are good customer. withdraw to get word out whether th e customer is realible or not. 3. How to detect fraud and prevent loss Frauds and losses might happen in banking and finance institutions. Fraud in extension loans will ca intent loss to the institution. 4. How to hit good customer relationship To debate in the foodstuff and winning customer, banking and finance institutions need to create good customer relationship to satisfy customers and make them loyal. 5. How to create good productProduct is one the aspect that customers imagine. create a good product and can compete with others product will impingement in customer winning. 6. How to arise the mysterious information inner those data to ease the finale making Huge data are needed to be examine and there are some out of sight informations in those data that could affect the decision maker in making the decision. If the decision made is authoritative one, it could lead to emerging success. Business Intelligence Business Intelligence can be defined as an ability of an enterprisingness to comprehend and use information in order to increase the performance.Business intelligence has several activities, procedures and applications. Some of those that generally utilise are data Wareho development, info Marts, OLAP Tools, tools for Extract Transform and Load (ETL), development Portals, info Mining, Business Modelling, etc (Katarina Curko, 2007). Business Intelligence can also defined as the touch of playing high-quality and meaningful information about the subject matter being researched that will help the individual(s) analyzing the information, draw conclusions or make assumptions (Muhammad Nadeem, 2004). In this radical, we shall focus more in data mining.selective information mining industrial plant with data store and data marts for data storage and conjure transform and commove (ETL) tools. Some of advantages by using business intelligence with data mining 1. raise profit and revenue for first step With business intelligence, the enterprise can gain the data access easily and structured inside data warehouse & data marts. So the enterprise can service customers give way and quicker which will encounter in profit and revenue increment. 2. Decision making With data mining in business intelligence, the enterprise can gain the hidden informations in those huge data and can make quick and easy decisions. . stretch out the market segment With the ease of decision making, the enterprise can make decision in markets such as price, discount, etc which will impact in winning the market competition. Data Mining Data mining refers to computer-aided pattern denudation of previously inscrutable interrelationships and recurrences across seemingly un have-to doe withd attributes in order to predict actions, behaviours and outcomes. Data mining, in fact, helps to identify patterns and relationships in the data (Bhasin, 2006). Some of goal examples in using Data mining 1.Forecasting market price With data mining, e nterprise can predict the market price and see on the topper price to compete the price in market. 2. Cross-selling and up-selling abbreviation Data mining can be used to analyze market ground on products. It means enterprise can make cross-selling or up-selling to their products to hone or increase the sales. 3. Profiling customers Data mining can be used to segment customers depends on the category. For example we categorise customers by their profit or revenue. 4. Manage customer retentionNot only enterprises data, data mining can be used to manage customer data which will impact in better customer relationship trouble. pic Figure 1. Overview of Business Intelligence with Data Mining Source of data that we shall process come from various sources such as customer data, market data, transaction data, product data, service data etc. As mentioned above, those huge and heterogeneous data will be stored in data warehouse and data marts. Before entering either data warehouse and d ata marts, those data will be extracted, cleaned up and sometimes transformed into different types of data.Then it will turn on the results into data warehouse and data marts. In this data warehouse and data marts, the data will be stored. Once the substance abuser want to analyze the data using data mining, the system will gather the data stored in data warehouse and data marts. With some of slicing and dicing techniques, data mining process the required data and resulting in enterprise reports. With these reports, charge of enterprise then decides what to do next. Data Mining Techniques According to (Larissa T. Moss, 2003), data mining itself has many models and various methods in analyzing data.When to use one of these models or methods depend on the requirements. Below are some of those models or methods Associations denudation Is used to identify the behaviour of specific events or processes. Associations discovery links occurrences within a single event. Example of use in discovering when a person buys a toothbrush then may also buy a toothpaste or a person buys a cigarette may also buy the lighter. Sequential radiation diagram Discovery Is similar to associations discovery carry out that a sequential pattern discovery links events over time and determines how items relate to each ther over time. Example of use in predicting a person who buys a couple sets of computer may also buy a switch or router within cardinal months. categorisation Is the close to common data mining technique. Classification looks at the behaviour and attributes of predetermined groups. Data mining tool can crystalize to new data by examining the live data that has been classified before. Example of use in classifying characteristics of customers. Clustering Is used to find different groupings within the data.Clustering is similar to motley except that no groups have even so been defined at the outset of footrace the data mining tool. Clustering divides items in to groups establish on the similarities the data mining tool finds. Clustering is used for problems such as detecting manufacturing defects or finding resemblance groups for quote cards. Forecasting Is used to promise market or forecasting products in manufacturing enterprise. Comes in two types regression analysis (predict future based on exclusively past trends) and time sequence discovery (predict future based on time-dependent data values).Business Intelligence in Banking and Finance Banking and finance in this paper, is the institution that require to alter in globalization, flexible in market, keep growing, create origins to gain more customers that will increase profit and revenue. The challenging indecisions is how to make those requirements. Those institutions also do risk attention to handle frauds and losses. With high profit and revenue, it will be useless if the institution can not handle practicable risks, in this case frauds and losses are the closely poss ible risks. They need customers but after customers increase so do the risks.So the possible way is to manage those risks. The same question as above, how to make the risk management easily and cover up all the risks. With business intelligence, all of those things can be achieved. Banking and finance institutions can depend on business intelligence in many aspects. Efficiency of analyzing the data, detection of frauds and losses, risk management, customer management and product management are some of these aspects. Striving for success, banking and finance institutions eer trying to create new innovation either in products or services.Mergers and acquisitions have inevitable made those institutions have really huge and heterogeneous data. Impossible to maintain those data without new technologies (Katarina Curko, 2007). Using Data Mining as Solution in consultation Loans for Banking and Finance As mentioned above, this paper will focus more on data mining in business intelligence . After discussing the benefit of business intelligence in banking and finance institutions, at last we go to the last authorised question, how to extract the hidden informations from those huge and heterogeneous data.In this section, we shall focus more on how to predict frauds, losses and risks that might happen in cite loans. Being able to predict risks, frauds and losses are the main concern these days in banking and finance institutions. Credit loans now have been growing rapidly. Almost every single shop or business center allows payment with consultation entry card, but we shall focus more on computer address loans such as loan for business, fomite etc. Credit loans have been the most interesting product for banking and finance institutions. many customers are looking for source handiness to help them financially.With the credit interests, the banking and finance institutions gain profits. Quite interesting business when they can offer credit and gain the profit from the credit interests, but the most all important(predicate) question is how to guarantee that the customer is a good one or at least make sure the customer will pay back including the credit interests so those institutions will not get frauds and losses. We can say to prevent frauds and losses is a kind of risk management. Risk management really is a crucial step to do especially in banking and finance institutions.Risk management in banking and finance institutions itself covers many aspects such as liquidity risk, operational risk and concentration risk. Today, integrated measurement of different kinds of risk (market and credit risk) is moving into focus. These all are based on models representing single financial instruments or risk factors, their behaviour, and their interaction with overall market (Dass, 2006). We shall focus more on credit risk. Credit risk assessment is key component in the process of commercial altering (Dass, 2006). The institution has money to loan bu t to decide which customer or borrower is not an easy matter.We shall learn more about the customer or borrower, find their background, their market transaction, their contemporary income, and in more extreme way is learning their current life. To make those tasks possible, we can use compartmentalization or clustering in data mining technique. These data mining tools can provide a grouping of customer or borrower. Lets say there are three groups of customer or borrower that we want to manage. First, high cute customers, middle value customers and low valued customers. Before put customers into those groupings, there are many things to consider and analyze.Different institutions use different kinds of classification and analysis. But in general, things to consider and analyze are customer background, customer history transaction, customer credit history, customer account at another banking or finance institution, customer income. Those are from credit customer or borrower persp ective. They also consider and analyze market and economy trends to target and manage the possible profit gained before make a decision to bestow or give the credit. pic Figure 2. Overview of Data Mining physical process (Classification & Clustering) in Credit LoansWith these data mining tools, the psychoanalyst from those institutions can easily decide to approve the credit or not. Logically, analyst or management inside institutions will decide to lend or approve the credit quest by customers in high valued customer then it goes down until low valued customer. But not all decisions are correct, many aspects can suit of clothes wrong decision such as incomplete data or unconsistent data of customers, market & economy trends changing, or other aspects. But these tools surely help a lot to do risk management in credit loans which will impact in minimized rauds and losses and increased profits and revenues. Conclusion Banking and finance institutions have so many products and ser vices offered to customers. One of those are credit loans. Credits that offered to customers or borrowers are not directly pass if one of the customer or borrower makes a request of credit. Many aspects to consider and analyze. With business intelligence especially with data mining including data warehouse and data marts, those important aspects are collected, stored and analyzed. Specifically we use a couple of data mining technique i. e. classification and clustering.The purpose is to group the customer or borrower into groups that are easily to read and analyzed by institution analyst or management to ultimately decide to approve the requested credit or not. In this paper we suggest three groupings of customers or borrowers such as high valued customer, middle valued customer and low valued customer. Analyst or management also analyze the market and economy trends beside customer aspects. In the end, these business intelligence and data mining tools are used to ease in decision making to make the best decision for whole enterprise. References Journals 1 Dass, R. (2006).Data Mining In Banking And Finance A Note For Bankers. Indian represent of Management, Ahmedabad . 2 Katarina Curko, M. P. (2007). Business Intelligence and Business Process Management in Banking Operations. Information engine room Interfaces . 3 Muhammad Nadeem, S. A. (2004). Application of Business Intelligence In Banks (Pakistan). CoRR . Textbooks 1 Bhasin, M. L. (2006). The Chartered Accountant, Banking and Finance, Data Mining A Competitive Tool in the Banking. Oman. 2 Larissa T. Moss, S. A. (2003). Business Intelligence Roadmap The Complete Project Lifecycle for Decision-Support Applications. Addison Wesley.